Management of snake bite ppt

The current annual need for the treatment of snakebite envenoming amounts to 10 million vials of. Up to 50% of all venomous bites are reported to be dry bites. Ashok laddha emergency medicine background snakebite is an. All cases of suspected snake bite should be observed for sufficient time to exclude delayed envenoming. Health facilities should treat all snakebite cases as emergencies and give priority to assessing these patients and instituting treatment without delay. Australian elapid bite victims may show collapse, vomiting, ptyalism, tremors, tachypnea, urinary andor fecal incontinence, tetraparesis, hemolysis, coagulopathy, rhabdomyolysis, swelling at the bite site, renal failure, andor delayed immunemediated hemolytic anemia redbellied black snake. The sawscaled or carpet viper echis ocellatus and, to a lesser extent, the african cobras naja spp. Viper bites in man are much more common than elapid bites, except in australasia, where vipers do not occur naturally. When possible, the dead snake should be brought along with the bitten animal. Management first aid reassure immobilize move to hospital as.

Deal with any life threatening symptoms on presentation. Snakes endemic to victoria include the tiger, brown. Thus, the venom causes a tremendous amount of damage to the capillary endothelium and cell membranes resulting in a vascular breakdown and capillary leak. Improving the clinical outcomes for the victims of snake bite needs much more than just access to safe antivenoms. Management of venomous snake bites in north america emdocs. Snake bite or suspected snake bite is a rare but dangerous condition. Who guidelines for the management of snakebites, 2nd edition. Management of acute renal failure following russells viper. A common sign of a bite from a venomous snake is the presence of two puncture wounds from the animals fangs. Based on snakebite management guidelines by ministry of health, government of india and who. Large snake size suggests increased snakebite severity in patients bitten by rattlesnakes in southern california. There are no quality studies to guide the management of north american coral snake bites. The bite site may be evidenced by fang marks, one or multiple scratches. Characterization of these and of standard antivenoms should significantly improve the management of snake bite throughout the world.

Clinical features and management of snake bite medind. Snake bite is one of the major public health problems in the tropics. Knowing the size, color and shape of the snake can help determine the best treatment for a particular bite. Treatment group,whose role was to develop recommendations toreduce mortality according to international norms.

Although surgeons are often involved in the management of snake envenomation in the united states, it is essential to recognize that snakebites are a medical, not surgical, condition. He is retired and spends his time volunteering at the animal shelter. Snake bites background 125,000 deaths per year worldwide four families of snakes have venom that is toxic to humans. Usually, after a bite from a venomous snake, there is severe burning pain at the site within 15 to 30 minutes. This can be treated with painkillers such as paracetamol. This may result in redness, swelling, and severe pain at the area, which may take up to an hour to appear. Dry bites will be painful and may cause swelling and redness around the area of the snake bite. Effect of the snakes length and recent feeding on venom antigenaemia and severity of envenoming in russells viper daboia russelii siamensis bites tunpe, baaye, ayeayemyint, tinnuswe and d. Brief account of rabies caused by rna virus rhabdoviridae family, genus lyssavirus incubation period usually months but can be as short as 2 weeks or upto several years mode of transmission through bite of an infected animal by saliva, contamination of mucous membranes i. Russells viper bite although nocturnal, encountered during the day, sleeping under bushes, trees and leaf particularly coconut leaf litter. Signs and symptoms will vary based on the type of snake, temperature of the snake, time of day, amount of venom injected, the location and depth of the bite or bites, as well as the patients age and current state of health. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id.

According to the cdc, there are a 7,000 to 8,000 venomous snakebites every single year in the united states. Snake bite prevention and treatment snake facts and statistics. Pdf snakebite and envenomation management in malaysia. Management of venomous snake bites in north america. This is not the first time he has been bitten by an animal. Bite risk most snake bites occur on the extremities 3 and victims are commonly young adult males involved with the use of alcohol go figure or folks working around their home.

It is therefore a medical problem that has important implications for. Remove any jewelry or watches, as these could cut into the. In at least 20% of pit viper bites and a greater per. Management of snake bite in general pain snakebite can often cause severe pain at the bite site.

Full text get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 1. Snake bite management practice guideline slideshare. In many instances, the bite has been witnessed, and diagnosis is not a problem. However a side swipe may produce only a single puncture,while multiple bites could result in numerous fang marks. Snake bites education epidemiology prevention and control therapy. Cover the bite with a clean, loosefitting, dry bandage. Haemotoxic venom but can also present neurotoxic symptoms such as ptosis. Obtain a brief targeted history, including the time the bite occurred elapsed time, its location, the circumstances of the snakebite, type and description of the snake if known, the sequence of symptoms, and any firstaid treatment given. However, fractures, abscesses, spider envenomations see spiders and scorpions, or allergic reactions to insect bites or stings could all potentially be confused with a snakebite by the inexperienced eye.

Tourniquets and compression bandages are potentially dangerous as they can cause gangrene, increased. Because you cant tell if a snakes bite is a dry bite, always assume that you have been injected with venom, and manage the bite as a. If the snake is known to be venomous andor there are symptoms of poisoning. Who guidelines for the management of snakebites, first edition. Fishermen are still occasionally bitten by sea snakes but rarely reach hospitals alive. Factors not contributing to outcome are size of the snake and time of bite daynight 2. The incidence of snakebite mortality is particularly high in southeast asia. The patient should be reassured and moved to the nearest hospital as quickly as possible. May 08, 2020 large snake size suggests increased snakebite severity in patients bitten by rattlesnakes in southern california. A snake can still bite for several hours after dying. Snake bite treatment protocol patient assessment phase. Monospecific antivenoms treat the bite of a specific type of snake, while polyspecific antivenoms can treat bites from a number of snakes found in a particular geographic region. Initial management includes basic resuscitation and assessment of the patient. The principles of management of snakebites within the united states are discussed separately.

This video represent first aid management of snake bite. To develop and test a standard curriculum and teaching materials for training health staff in snake bite management at the various levels of the health care system. See bites by crotalinae snakes rattlesnakes, water moccasins cottonmouths, or copperheads in the united states. Excision of the bite site was once recommended, but it is now understood that this is a disfiguring procedure that does not confer any survival benefit. A snakebite is an injury caused by the bite of a snake, especially a venomous snake. You do not want to continue to stand in the snakes path.

The first step in the assessment phase of nursing care is to determine if the patient has been envenomated. A dry bite is when the snake strikes but no venom is released. Once airway, breathing and circulation have been assessed and stabilised, the diagnosis can be made and specific management undertaken. You should head on over to a safe location, far away from where the snake bite occurred. Clinical manifestations, evaluation, and diagnosis and evaluation and management of coral snakebites. No need to hurt the snake just because youre angry, and you dont want to incur additional injury. Rational use of snake antivenom can substantially reduce. The effectiveness of the pressureimmobilization first aid technique in the case of a tiger snake bite. It is also emerging as an occupational disease of agricultural workers. Rational use of snake antivenom can substantially reduce mortality and morbidity due to snakebites. Pressure bandage with immobilisation pbi a pbi is recommended first aid for a potential snake. The incidence of snake bite mortality is particularly high in southeast asia. Key identification feature is the black edged almond or chain shaped marks on the back. Agricultural workers and children are the most affected.

Reliability of the simple 20 minute whole blood clotting test wbct20 as an indicator of low plasma fibrinogen concentration in patients envenomed by bothrops snakes. A bite by a north american copperhead on the ankle is usually a moderate injury to a healthy adult, but a bite to a childs abdomen or face by the same snake may be fatal. The outcome of all snakebites depends on a multitude of factors. If you or someone else can safely and quickly get a picture of the snake, great, but dont waste time or risk a second envenomation. Basic first aid for snake bite envenomation objectives the aim of this component is to provide the student with a concise and rational approach to the diagnosis, treatment and patient management of. Management of poisonous snakebites chris cribari, md, facs clinical evaluation of the snakebite victim 1. Sudden removal can lead to a massive surge of venom leading to neurological. Vol 375 january 2, 2010 77 snake bite david a warrell snake bite is a common and frequently devastating environmental and occupational disease, especially in rural areas. Poisonous snakes non poisonous snakes do not have fangs with which to inject venom. Snake bites are wellknown medical emergencies in many parts of the world, especially in rural areas. In view of their strong beliefs and many associated myths, people resort to magico religious treatment for snake bite thus, causing delay in seeking proper treatment. Snake bite management powerpoint ppt presentations. The crotaline snake venom contains several enzymes including transaminases, hyaluronidases, phospholipases, phosphodiesterases and endonucleases.

Handling tourniquets care must be taken when removing tight tourniquets which most of the time used. Snakebite envenoming is a major public health problem among rural communities of the nigerian savanna. The need for national snake bite treatment guidelines 12. The epidemiology, clinical course, and management of snakebites in the north american snakebite registry. I have seen a lot of bad advice regarding snakebite management in this and other groups, and id like to set the record straight.

May 08, 2020 although surgeons are often involved in the management of snake envenomation in the united states, it is essential to recognize that snakebites are a medical, not surgical, condition. There are no sea snakes in victoria, however landbased snakes can swim. Sedating analgesics should be avoided as they have the potential to exacerbating respiratory depression and depressed mental status. Public health aspects of snakebite care in west africa. The bitten part should be immobilized with a splint or sling. These are the recommendations for prehospital treatment. Assess abcs abcs and initiate appropriate resuscitation efforts. Snake bite is uncommon in victoria and envenomation systemic poisoning from the bite is rare. The main goal is to administer the correct antivenom as soon as possible. Snakebite first aid fangs that are grooved to allow the venom to flow down the fang surface and trickle into the wound. Snakebites are wellknown medical emergencies in many parts of the world, especially in rural areas. Incidence of snake bite in india there is a huge gap between the number of snakebite deaths reported from direct survey and official data.

Snake bites background 125,000 deaths per year worldwide. Who guidelines for the management of snakebites, first. Clinical management of russells viper bites tinnuswe 46 9. To conduct a training course for master trainers and test their teaching skills by. Snakebites account for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in south and southeast asia, subsaharan africa, and latin america. Inspect the area of the biteinspect the area of the bite, looking for fang marks, which may appear to. You are not going to want to run away because the snake will sense this motion and attack again. Antivenoms are made by immunizing a horse or sheep with the venom of a particular snake, then processing.

And i want to help prevent any bad outcomes for both humans and snakes if a snakehuman interaction goes awry. Webmd walks you through the steps for emergency treatment of snake bites. Snakebite first aid vanderbilt university medical center. Determine allergies, comorbid conditions, and any history of snakebites or antivenin administration. If you know the snake is not venomous, treat as a puncture wound. You are going to want to get out of the snakes range of movement. Snake bite is an occupational disease of farmers, plantation workers, herdsmen, fishermen, snake restaurant workers and other food producers. The bite site may be painful, swollen or bruised, but usually is not for snakes in victoria. Ppt snake bite powerpoint presentation free to download. A recent study estimates at least 421,000 venomous bites and 20,000 deaths occur worldwide each year.

The clinical guidance and pathways only apply to suspected. First aid management of snake bite, management of snake. While not nearly as common in the united states as in other parts of the world, snakebites still pose a serious threat, and. Guidelines for the management of snakebites world health. If there is evidence of a bite, where the skin has been broken, give tetanus toxoid routine use of antibiotic is not necessary, although it should be considered if there is. Ultimately, pit viper rattlesnakes, copperheads, cottonmouthswater moccasins envenomations are diagnosed clinically. Snake bite prevention and treatment culture of safety.

Venomous snakes are widely distributed around the world and clinical effects from envenomation can overlap to a great degree even among different classes of snakes. The victim may receive all, a portion, or none of the venom when the snake strikes. Incidence of snake bite in india there is a huge gap between the number of snakebite deaths reported from. Up to 50% of all venomous bites are reported to be dry bites, i. Inspect the area of the biteinspect the area of the bite, looking for fang marks, which may appear to be a small abrasion or laceration. Snake antivenom provides a specific lifesaving measure. Snake bites management and treatment cleveland clinic. View snake bite management ppts online, safely and virusfree. Your next patient in clinic has arrived with a chief complaint of animal bite. Mar, 20 the first step in the assessment phase of nursing care is to determine if the patient has been envenomated. Pakistan has an estimated 20,000 snakebite deaths each year. Typical symptoms of the bite from a nonvenomous snake are pain and scratches at the site. Overview of snakebite toxicology merck veterinary manual. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising.